12/06/2026
Edinburgh has had at least three sets of walls since the 1400s, though little remains of the oldest, the Kings Wall.
The walls may have originally been intended to defend the city, but seem to have been ineffective and were more use to the council in controlling trade, ensuring that merchants paid taxes and preventing smuggling. Since the council imposed a fee to enter the town the poorer inhabitants of Edinburgh seldom left the city. Whether this was a policy or a side effect is unclear.
The Kings Wall was built around 1430. Some of it may survive in Tweedale Court and a couple of other locations. After the Scottish defeat at the battle of Flodden in 1513 the Flodden Wall was built hurriedly (It took 45 years to build!) since an imminent English invasion was feared, and, men having been killed at Flodden was mainly built by women and children, as can be seen by the relatively small blocks used. Parts of the Flodden Wall can be seen at the foot of Drummond Street and in the Greyfriars Kirkyard. The most recent city wall was the Telfer Wall built by Jonathan Taileffer about a century later. Remains of this can be seen in Heriot Place along with a preserved tower from the Flodden Wall. There is also a long stretch of the Flodden Wall along Lauriston Place.
The course of the Flodden wall is marked in Grassmarket at the King Stables Road end.
By the 18th Century the walls were a nuisance and gradually demolished. The most important city gate, the Netherbow Port which marked the boundary between the city and the Canongate was demolished in 1764. The site of the port is marked by bronze plates set into the road.