3As Hawaii Sojourn

07/29/2026

07/25/2026

07/12/2026

ATIN MULA SIMULA, ATIN PA RIN, ATIN TALAGA

in 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ruled in the Philippines’ favor in its claims versus China in the disputed regions of the South China Sea, especially in the former’s exclusive economic zone.

In its ruling, the PCA also rejected China’s “nine-dash line” claims which it based on historical sources, and ruled that China’s actions of preventing Philippine activities in the disputed area violated the Philippines’ sovereign rights.

While several governments around the world have recognized the award, up to present, China does not and refuses to acknowledge the ruling.